#PHYSICS PHENOMENA SERIES#

The article highlights recent discoveries of interface-induced magnetism and noncollinear spin textures, nonlinear dynamics including spin-transfer torque and magnetization reversal induced by interfaces, and interfacial effects in ultrafast magnetization processes. An overview is provided to the current state of knowledge and existing review literature on interfacial effects such as exchange bias, exchange-spring magnets, the spin Hall effect, oxide heterostructures, and topological insulators. Important concepts include spin accumulation, spin currents, spin-transfer torque, and spin pumping. It starts with an introduction and overview of how basic magnetic properties are affected by interfaces, then turns to a discussion of charge and spin transport through and near interfaces and how these can be used to control the properties of the magnetic layer. It provides a historical background and literature survey, but focuses on recent progress, identifying the most exciting new scientific results and pointing to promising future research directions.

#PHYSICS PHENOMENA SERIES#

You will be individually advised on the best entry point into either the PHYSICS 40 series or PHYSICS 61, 71, 81 on the basis of your score on the Physics Placement Diagnostic, which is available online.This article reviews static and dynamic interfacial effects in magnetism, focusing on interfacially driven magnetic effects and phenomena associated with spin-orbit coupling and intrinsic symmetry breaking at interfaces.

While most students are recommended to begin with mechanics in the PHYSICS 40 series (PHYSICS 41), those who have had strong physics preparation in high school (such as a score of at least 4 on the Physics Advanced Placement C exam) may be ready to start with PHYSICS 45 in Autumn quarter (and then take PHYSICS 43 in the Winter quarter), or to start with PHYSICS 61 in the Autumn.

PHYSICS 61, 71, 81 courses begin in the Autumn quarter (only) with special relativity and a deeper dive into mechanics.

The PHYSICS 40 series begins with mechanics, which is offered in both Autumn and Winter quarters, and continues with electricity and magnetism in both Winter and Spring quarters, and thermodynamics and optics in Autumn quarter.

To determine whether you are prepared for PHYSICS 61, take the the Physics Placement Diagnostic.

PHYSICS 61, 71, 81 courses are intended for those who have already taken a physics course at the level of PHYSICS 41 and 43, or at least have a strong background in mechanics, some background in electricity and magnetism, and a strong background in calculus.

Either of these will satisfy the entry-level physics requirements of any Stanford major.

For those intending to major in engineering or the physical sciences, or simply wishing a stronger background in physics, the department offers the PHYSICS 40 series and PHYSICS 61, 71, 81.However, such students who have AP credit in calculus or physics should consider taking the PHYSICS 40 series, which will provide a depth and emphasis on problem solving that is of significant value in biological research, which today involves considerable physics-based technology. The PHYSICS 20 series assumes no background in calculus, and is intended primarily for those who are majoring in the biological sciences.Students considering a career in science or engineering should start with the PHYSICS 20 & 40 series or PHYSICS 61, 71, 81.Those interested in astronomy and astrophysics might enjoy PHYSICS 15, 16 or 17, which is intended for nontechnical majors. Students who have never studied physics before and would like a broad introduction should consider one of the introductory seminar courses in Physics or Applied Physics.

Physics phenomena